Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence refers to software which can imitate human cognition and learning, enabling devices and machines to perform tasks which would otherwise require human input.

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Artificial intelligence (AI)

195

Countries Covered

157

Sources in C2P

Content Overview

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly prevalent in our everyday lives and is continuing to grow in popularity and demand, with AI applications ranging from smart appliances and robotic manufacturing, to surveillance systems, and speech, image, and language processing. With innovations in AI on the rise globally, manufacturers of products that use AI software will need to ensure compliance with emerging AI regulations.

When regulating AI, typically a risk management approach is taken. The swift evolution and use of AI brings enormous benefits, but also the potential for harm in the spheres of safety, privacy, equality and more. This has prompted countries to begin regulating AI.

The EU is leading the way by proposing the first ever legal framework for AI globally which seeks to strike a balance between excellence in AI & trust in AI. It is a broad regulation, covering the use of AI in a wide range of applications and will have a significant impact on how companies develop, market and use smart digital technologies.

In the U.S. the National AI Initiative Act of 2020 (DIVISION E, SEC. 5001) became law on 1 January 2021, providing for a coordinated program across the entire Federal government to accelerate AI research and application for the Nation’s economic prosperity and national security.

Manufacturers of AI products need to be aware of developing obligations including:

Ensuring they are not engaging in unacceptable risk systems which use exploitative or manipulative processes, i.e a social scoring system
Assessing the level of risk their AI system will operate at. High risk systems, such as those that affect critical infrastructure, or software that affects workers performance reviews, will be regulated at a higher level
Determining the level of autonomy the AI system will have. Some will require human input to prevent bias or unethical practices, some may require semi human interaction, and some will not require any human input
Ensuring explainability and use of good data sets. It is unlikely that developing AI systems in the western world will be opaque and therefore high level explainability will be required to ensure a reduction of bias and ensure fairness
Ongoing monitoring of AI systems with reporting protocols to ensure proper compliance management
Adhering to labeling, conformity assessment and product liability requirements

Coverage Included

Our regulatory content in C2P is historically comprehensive with a robust QA process to ensure quality, consistency and accuracy. Below is a high level summary of our coverage for this topic:

EU: Harmonised Rules on Artificial Intelligence, Draft Regulation, April 2021
USA : Algorithmic Justice and Online Platform Transparency on Data Protection, House Bill 4624, 2023 (Algorithmic Justice and Online Platform Transparency Act)
EU: Initial Appraisal of EU Commission Impact Assessment on New Proposed Artificial Intelligence Act, Briefing, July 2021
China: Principles for the Classification of Artificial Intelligence-based Medical Softwares, Notice No. 47, 2021
Canada: Proposal for Ensuring Appropriate Regulation of Artificial Intelligence, Consultation Document, February 2020
UK: BS EN ISO/IEC 22989:2023 Information technology. Artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence concepts and terminology, 2023

We also cover the use of AI algorithms in relation to our core products. These are typically defined as “a set of instructions or rules that enable machines to learn, analyze data and make decisions based on that knowledge and ergo can perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence, such as recognizing patterns, understanding natural language, problem-solving and decision-making”. Given the nature of the landscape of the regulation of AI, these can be high level, very technical in nature and often don’t specify products as of yet.